Dissolution efficiency and assay values were compared, both by mathematical and statistical methods, to assess interchangeability and stability Galardin purchase during aging. After 180 days, most formulations evaluated showed statistically significant changes in the active ingredient and in the dissolution behaviour. Only formulation K did not meet the assay acceptance criteria.”
“The dialysis

treatment rate varies tremendously in the Far East Asian countries, influenced by the economic status of those countries. The peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization rate also varies greatly, ranging from 80% in Hong Kong to 3.5% in Japan. In certain low-economy countries, PD is rarely practiced. In recent years, PD utilization has been growing very fast in several countries,

particularly China Small Molecule Compound Library and Vietnam. New policies to encourage a shift from hemodialysis to PD have been undertaken recently in several countries such as Taiwan and Thailand, with a resultant rapid increase in patients on PD. The background and reasons for those changes are discussed.”
“Purpose: To evaluate image quality and diagnostic accuracy of high-field post-mortem (PM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on fetuses below 20 weeks of gestation before and after the freeze-thaw process.

Materials and methods: Nine fetuses were scanned with three different scanning procedures: “”fresh”, just after termination of pregnancy (TOP), “”non-fresh short scan” and “”non-fresh long scan” after being kept at -20 degrees C, followed by a conventional autopsy. The brain, thorax except the heart, heart and abdomen

were studied. The qualities of the images for the four different fetal regions and for the three different scanning procedures were reported. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect on image quality of different factors. Additionally, the diagnostic accuracy was also evaluated.

Results: Fetuses at 12.0-19.6 weeks were included. Regression analysis showed that better image quality was correlated to advanced gestation at TOP and scan on fresh fetuses. PM-MRI on fresh fetuses was always diagnostic for the brain and in more than half of cases on non-fresh fetuses and was nearly equally diagnostic for thoracic and abdominal structures.

Conclusion: High-field PM-MRI seems to offer a quite reliable alternative to the parents declining conventional find more PM for fetuses before 20 weeks whether these fetuses are freshly scanned or after being frozen.”
“A sensitive and specific high performance reversed phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantification of citicoline monosodium (CTM) in human plasma. The active drug was isocratically eluted at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at ambient temperature in a nucleosil C18 analytical column with a mobile phase composed of tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate buffer (0.005 M, pH 5.0):methanol (95:05, v/v). Photodiode array (PDA) was performed at 270 nm and the retention time of the drug was found to be 6.64 min.

However, the methods of measuring left ventricular mass, sodium balance, age and degree of remodelling appear to influence

the outcome. An association of carriers of the G allele and premature coronary artery disease has also been established, particularly in males presenting with stenotic atherosclerosis requiring revascularisation. At the molecular level, it remains unclear as to whether carriers of the G allele express more or fewer AT(2) receptors when compared to carriers of the A allele. Consequently, it is presently not possible to definitively interpret the role of the AT(2) receptor in human cardiovascular BI 10773 disease from these association studies.”
“Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 have been used as tools for the screening of anti-inflammatory agents. In a search for inhibitors of COX-2 and iNOS, we found that extracts of Enteromorpha prolifera inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We first extracted E. prolifera with 80% ethanol and the extract was partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, successively. The results indicate that the hexane and ethyl acetate check details fractions effective inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. To test the inhibition

effects of the E. prolifera fractions on other cytokines, we also performed an ELISA assay on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The expression of TNF-alpha,

IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was also decreased following treatment with the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. To test the potential application of the E. prolifera extract as a cosmetic material, we also performed MTT assays GSK2245840 research buy on keratinocyte HaCaT cells as well as primary skin irritation tests. In these assays, the E. prolifera extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that E. prolifera extracts may be considered potential anti-inflammatory candidates for skin health.”
“The authors report on a case of panfolliculoma with sebaceous differentiation occurring on the scalp of a 53-year-old white man and discuss the pertinent literature.”
“Typhoid fever remains an important cause of illness globally with the annual incidence at 21 million cases, of which many end fatally. Due to increasing resistant to antibiotics and limited available vaccine against salmonella, the requirement is to explore the plant products against this disease. Mice pretreated with lyophilized juice of Emblica oficinalis (EO) orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg (EO500) body weight for 20 and 30 days showed full protection against 1X100000 CFU and 2X100000 CFU of S. typhimurium respectively. Mice pretreated with EO500 for 30 days and then challenged with 50000 CFU of S. typhimurium intraperitonially showed reduced CAT and LPO activity by 6.

Forty-four patients (44%) were given chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin/cisplatin/carboplatin or paclitaxel/carboplatin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify

significant prognostic clinicopathological factors.

Results:

With a median follow-up time of 59.2 months, the 5-year overall survival was 74% for those 60 years or older versus 90% for those younger than 60 years (P = 0.044). For disease-free survival, it was 65% for those 60 years or older, versus 85% for those younger than 60 years (P = 0.013). On multivariate analysis, poor disease-free survival was associated with age >= 60 years (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:

Older patients (age >= 60 years) with endometrial cancer had significantly lower overall survival and disease-free survival following postoperative RT independent this website of other prognostic factors and/or treatment technique.”
“The pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis ABT-263 order is complex and dynamic. Unlike venous thrombi, arterial thrombi typically form under conditions of high blood flow and are mainly composed of platelet aggregates, giving them the appearance of ‘white clots’. Strong evidence suggests that arterial thrombi originate as a consequence of an injured atherosclerotic plaque, and that their formation involves the release of prothrombotic material (such as tissue factor), platelet aggregation, and platelet adhesion to the vascular

wall. The initially labile platelet plaque is then stabilized by insoluble fibrin produced upon activation of the coagulation cascade. Inherited genetic factors (gene polymorphisms) and acquired predisposing conditions (such as

the concentration and activity of clotting Selleckchem Peptide 17 factors) can influence both the composition and the size of an arterial thrombus. Further research is needed to elucidate the functions of blood coagulation proteins and cellular elements that are critical to the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis. This Review explains mechanisms of pathological arterial thrombus formation and discusses genetic and acquired risk factors of atherothrombosis.”
“Objective: To compare the attitudes and opinions of otologists and neurologists regarding the cause, diagnosis, and management of vestibular migraine.

Study Design: Survey questionnaire.

Methods: An 18-question survey designed to elicit opinions about the cause, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of migraine and dizziness was mailed to the entire memberships of the American Neurotology Society (ANS) and the International Headache Society (IHS). Survey participant responses were recorded for physician practice characteristics and for opinions on various clinical features of vestibular migraine.

Results: Of the 917 surveys mailed, 146 were completed by ANS members and 110 by IHS members. The frequency of respondents listing symptom origin as central to a diagnosis of migraine was 43% for ANS members versus 62% of IHS members.

[doi:10.1063/1.3525998]“
“In this work, nanocomposites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR),

cellulose II, and clay were prepared by cocoagulation of SBR latex, cellulose xanthate, and clay aqueous suspension mixtures. The incorporated amount of cellulose II was 15 phr, and the clay varied from 0 to 7 phr. The influence of cellulose II and clay was investigated by rheometric, mechanical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. From the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dispersion in nanometric scale (below 100nm) of the cellulosic and mineral components throughout the elastomeric matrix was observed. XRD analysis suggested that fully exfoliated structure could be obtained by this method when low loading of silicate layers (up to 5 phr) is used. The results from mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical IPI-549 properties than SBR gum vulcanizate. Furthermore, 5 phi of clay is enough to achieve p38 MAPK inhibitor the best tensile properties. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 1468-1474,2011″
“Materials and methods: Twenty patients treated for uterine cancer with external Co<SU60</SU RT, without chemotherapy, were selected. Blood was taken before,

1-2 days after RT and one year later. Lymphocytes were cultured for 50 and 100 h. Metaphases were stained with fluorescence-plus-Giemsa and analysed Oligomycin A mouse for chromosome and chromatid aberrations in 1st (M1) and 3rd plus later (M3+) mitoses.

Results: RT caused a significant increase of radiation-specific chromosome aberrations in patients’ lymphocytes together with DCI, which was observed as an excessive yield of cells containing both chromosome and chromatid aberrations (defined as C(acs&act)). This DCI passed successfully through mitoses in vitro, and at the end of RT a mean yield of ‘extra’ C(acs&act) was 3 x 10<SU-3</SU x cell<SU-1</SU amongst either M1 or M3+ cells. At the end of RT and one year later DCI in M1 lymphocytes appeared at random amongst patients, but some inter-individual variation was found for DCI presence in M3+ cells at both post-irradiation

samplings. As time passed, the mean yield of lymphocytes exhibiting DCI decreased in vivo and one year after RT reached the pre-treatment level of 1 x 10<SU-3</SU x cell<SU-1</SU.

Conclusions: DCI was demonstrated in descendants of human lymphocytes after therapeutic irradiation. The effect diminished one year later, suggesting that the progeny of patients’ irradiated stem cells did not produce new daughter lymphocytes exhibiting DCI during the studied post-irradiation period.”
“The formation of polariton wave-packets created by high-intensity laser beams focused in plasmas is analyzed, and the velocity, energy, size, structure, stability, and electron content of such polaritonic pulses are characterized.

4%, respectively.

Conclusions: The lateral lip-splitting approach is an acceptable and optional approach for maxillectomy because of wide exposure, satisfied function, inconspicuous scar, and preservation of facial nerve. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1197-1205, 2009″
“In this paper, we report large mid-wave infrared photoconductivity in highly textured, Belinostat nanocrystalline PbTe films thermally evaporated on Si at room temperature. Responsivity

as high as 25 V/W is measured at the 3.5 mu m wavelength. The large photoconductivity is attributed to the oxygen incorporation in the films by diffusion. Carrier concentration as low as 10(17) cm(-3) is identified to be the consequence of Fermi level selleckchem pinning induced by the diffused oxygen. The successful demonstration of IR-sensitive PbTe films without the need for high-temperature processing presents an important step toward monolithic integration of mid-wave PbTe infrared detectors on Si read-out integrated circuits (ROICs). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653832]“
“Purpose: To investigate cell cycle effects and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of alpha-particles from the clinically relevant radionuclide Astatine-211 (At-211), using X-rays as reference radiation. Double-strand breaks (DSB), non-DSB clusters containing oxidised purines and clonogenic survival were investigated.

Materials and methods: Asynchronous

V79-379A fibroblasts or cells synchronised with mimosine in G1, early, mid and late S phase or in mitosis

were irradiated with X-rays (100 kV(p)) or At-211 (mean linear energy transfer (LET) 110 CH5424802 nmr keV/mu m). Induction of DSB and clusters was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with fragment analysis. Cell survival was obtained with the clonogenic assay.

Results: In asynchronous cells RBE for DSB- and cluster-induction was 3.5 and 0.59, respectively. RBE for 37% cell survival was 8.6. In different cell cycle phases RBE varied from 1.8-3.9 for DSB and 3.1-7.9 for 37% survival (survival at 2 Gy was 6.9-38 times lower after alpha-irradiation). At-211 induced 6 times more DSB and X-rays induced 11 times more DSB in mitotic cells with highly compacted chromatin relative G1.

Conclusions: The radio-response is cell cycle dependent and differs between proliferating and non-cycling cells for both low- and high-LET radiation, resulting in a variation in RBE of alpha-particles between 1.8 and 8.6.”
“Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of combined treatment with local anesthetic and subanesthetic ketamine for the relief or prevention of postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus after the surgical extraction of third molars.

Patients and Methods: Fifty patients undergoing the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: local anesthetic alone (LAA) and local anesthetic plus ketamine (LAK).

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a superficial sarcoma of intermediate malignancy usually composed of monotonous short spindle cells with storiform architecture. The tumor cells are diffusely reactive for CD34 and characterized by a translocation

involving chromosomes 17 and 22 or a supernumerary ring chromosome that results in the fusion of exon 2 of platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF beta;22q13) to various exons of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1; 17q22). In some tumors, fibrosarcomatous transformation can occur and is characterized by a monotonous spindle cell proliferation arranged in fascicles or a herringbone-type pattern. We report 4 DFSPs with unusual and pleomorphic sarcomatous transformation. They occurred on the back, scalp, shoulder, and forehead Baf-A1 mouse of women (ages 31,48, 48, and 27 year). In addition Selleckchem HIF inhibitor to areas of conventional DFSP that strongly expressed CD34, 2 cases showed pleomorphic areas mimicking undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma: 1 case had a patternless area and 1 case had combined round/spindled cells with myxoid areas. Reverse transcription-polymerase

chain reaction was performed in 1 case, confirming the presence of a COL1A1-PDGF beta fusion transcript. The remaining three cases were found to be positive for a PDGF beta gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This series illustrates that sarcomatous transformation in DFSP may occasionally display areas, which can mimic undifferentiated pleomorphic or unclassified sarcoma. Ancillary diagnostic testing may be helpful to confirm the diagnosis, especially in small biopsies.”
“Obesity seems to be the modern concern to society. An increasing

number of obese patients present annually Selleck SC79 to surgical wards to undergo surgical procedures. As morbid obesity affects most of the vital organs, the anesthesiologist must be prepared to deal with several challenges. These include the preoperative evaluation of the consequences of obesity, particularly on cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic systems; airway management; different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug regimen; and perioperative management (i.e., hemodynamic, respiratory, and hyperglycemic). This paper reviews and assesses the most important anesthetic issues in managing obese patients.”
“We report the successful management of a female patient who developed postoperative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) after an uneventful laparoscopic oophorocystectomy. The patient underwent uneventful laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cystoma. One hour after completion of surgery, the patient suddenly went into shock, with her blood pressure dropping to 60/40 mmHg. Hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity with an estimated blood loss of 2,000 ml was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy.

Methods: A galenic formulation containing the MAA combination of P-334 + SH was applied topically to the dorsal skin of SkhR-1 H hairless mice, which were irradiated with a single UV radiation close of 3.87 J cm(2) and compared with a combination of UVB- and UVA-absorbing reference filters. Clinical signs of sunburn, Such as erytherna and edema, as well as other quantifiable histological and biochemical parameters, Such as the expression of the heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant enzyme activities, were measured from skin biopsies at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-radiation.

Results:

The formulation Containing MAA prevented Sunburn cell formation, as well as corneum Stratum, malphigian, dermal and hypodermal thickening and other structural and morphological alterations observed in biopsies of non-photoprotected skin. A significant increase in Hsp70 Selleck LY2603618 was observed in the epidermis of non-photoprotected Mouse skin, besides a de novo expression in deeper layers. P-334 + SH protected against the significant decrease in Superoxide dismutase and

catalase activities observed in non-photoprotected mice.

Conclusion: The topical application of P-334 + SH protected against UV-induced Selleckchem Citarinostat skin damage in mice and contributed to maintaining the antioxidant defence system of the skin as well as Hsp70 expression. (C) 2009 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Iron

may induce oxidative stress via production of reactive oxygen species, facilitating mammary carcinogenesis. This study investigated the role of iron in relation to oxidative stress as a potential risk factor in the development of breast cancer (BC). BC patients (n = 121) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 149) were entered into the study. Iron and antioxidant vitamins intakes SYN-117 were estimated using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Thirty one subjects from each group provided blood samples for measurement of serum iron, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Total and non-heme iron intake of BC patients were lower than those of the controls. However, the serum iron level was significantly higher in BC patients. Plasma MDA levels were also significantly higher in BC patients whereas no significant difference in FRAP values were observed between the two groups. Log-transformed serum iron concentration showed no significant correlation with MDA or FRAP. These results suggest that serum iron overload may be a breast cancer risk factor possibly due to increased oxidative stress.”
“Migraine is a painful and debilitating, neurovascular disease. Current migraine head pain treatments work with differing efficacies in migraineurs. The opioid system plays an important role in diverse biological functions including analgesia, drug response and pain reduction.

Herein we examine the role of the different tests used

in diagnosis of TB and review the specifics of anti-mycobacterial therapy and the public health implications of TB in a SOT recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009;28:191-3. 3-deazaneplanocin A Copyright (C) 2009 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.”
“The effects of light illumination on porous silicon (PSi) properties have been studied using photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The PL spectrum evolution in PSi sample under light illumination at various wavelengths indicates that the photo-oxidation occurs and causes a decrease in its intensity with increasing illumination time t. The decrease in the PL intensity IPL can be written as logarithmic expression, namely, the Elovich equation I(PL)alpha-alpha 1n t, where alpha is the quenching rate of

HDAC inhibitors list the PL intensity associated with the native oxide growth. The alpha value is dependent on the illuminated photon energy E(po) in a manner alpha=0.050E(po). Each PL spectrum can be deconvoluted into four Gaussian peaks. The higher the PL peak energy, the larger its photo-oxidation-induced blueshift. This fact and XPS results support that the light emission in a porous sample is due to the quantum-size effect, i.e., relaxation of the momentum conservation at and above the indirect absorption edge (supra-indirect-gap emission). The PLE spectra suggest that the surface hydrogen termination should influence the highly excited carrier dynamics in nanocrystalline PSi materials. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. Crenigacestat concentration [DOI: 10.1063/1.3140677]“
“In this report we describe a 42-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a progressive course

who underwent right single-lung transplantation in November 2007. The post-operative course showed a decline of gas exchange, and chest X-ray revealed pneumonic infiltrates. Computerized tomography (CT) scans showed high-grade stenosis of the right superior pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein stenosis was treated with percutaneous transseptal stent implantation leading to rapid improvement of gas exchange and clinical condition, and a retransplantation could be avoided. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009;28:194-8. Copyright (C) 2009 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.”
“Ultrawideband dielectric spectroscopy analysis of barium zirconate titanate (BaZrxTi1-xO3, BZT) ceramics at different temperatures disclosed the contribution of both the dipole and the ionic polarizations to permittivity at around dielectric maximum temperature (T-m). In BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3 ceramics, the permittivity around Tm is dominated by the temperature dependence of the permittivity determined by the dipole polarization (epsilon(dipole)).

07; p < 0.001) and open fractures (hazard ratio, 5.29; p < 0.001). Treatment at a low-volume hospital was not significantly associated with either the aggregate risk of short-term complications or the risk of intermediate-term reoperation.

Conclusions: Selinexor cell line By analyzing a large, diverse patient population, the present study clarifies the risks associated with open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Open injury, diabetes,

and peripheral vascular disease were strong risk factors predicting a complicated short-term postoperative course. Fracture type was a strong predictor of reoperation for ankle fusion or replacement. Hospital volume did not play a significant role in the rates of short-term

or intermediate-term complications.

Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level 11. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence”
“Mucoadhesive microcapsules are proposed for the antidiabetic drug glipizide, to obtain controlled release. Glipizide see more microcapsules with a coat consisting of alginate and gum kondagogu were prepared by employing ionic gelation process and emulsification ionotropic gelation process. The microcapsules were evaluated for flow properties, Carr’s index, Hausner factor, microencapsulation efficiency, drug release characteristics, surface characteristics, compatibility studies, mucoadhesive DAPT mw properties and in-vivo hypoglycemic activity. These two methods showed individual, large sized, free flowing spherical microcapsules without any interactions. Glipizide release from the microcapsules was slow and followed zero order kinetics and followed non fickian release and depended on the coat:

core ratio and the method employed in the preparation of microcapsules. Among the two methods emulsification ionotropic gelation method was found to be more suitable for slow and complete release of glipizide over a long period of time. These microcapsules exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash-off test. In vivo evaluation in rabbits demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effect of glipizide.”
“Background: Conjunctival contamination from splashed debris during orthopaedic surgical procedures places surgeons at risk for communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various types of protective eyewear in preventing conjunctival contamination.

Methods: A simulation model was constructed with use of a mannequin head in a typical position of a surgeon’s head during an operation. The head was placed at an appropriate distance from the surgical field, and a femoral osteotomy was performed on a cadaver thigh.

5 times higher than CD19+ lymphocytes. Phosphorylation of all lymphocyte subsets reached a maximum at 1.5h and had essentially returned to baseline levels 24h post-exposure. Conclusions: Differences in the expression level of -H2AX between lymphocyte subsets were minimal. The usefulness of this assay for radiation biodosimetry is hampered by its relatively quick lifetime kinetics and large inter-individual variation. Therefore, it could only be useful if samples were obtained within 24h of exposure. Even in this situation, the assay could only be used as an indicator of exposure and not PLX-4720 a dosimeter.”
“Study Design. Retrospective matched cohort analysis.

Objective.

To determine if posterior-only (post-only) surgical techniques consisting of pedicle screws, osteotomies, transforaminal lumbar

interbody fusion, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 may provide similar results as compared anterior (thoracotomy/thoracoabdominal)/posterior surgical approaches for the treatment of adult spinal deformity with respect to correction, fusion rates, or outcomes.

Summary of Background Data. Combined anterior/posterior (A/P) fusion has traditionally been used to treat many adult scoliosis deformities. Anterior approaches MG-132 mechanism negatively impact pulmonary function and require additional operative time and anesthesia.

Methods. Twenty-four patients who had A/P fusion for primary adult scoliosis (16 staged, 8 same-day) were

matched with a cohort of 24 patients who had post-only treatment. Anterior fusion was performed via a thoracotomy (n = 1)/thoracoabdominal (n = 23) approach. All post-only surgeries were under one anesthesia. Minimum 2-year follow-up included radiographic, clinical, and outcomes data.

Results. There were no significant differences between groups for age, gender, diagnosis, comorbidities, preoperative curve magnitudes, or global balance. Postoperative radiographic correction and alignment were similar for both groups except for thoracolumbar curve percent improvement which was statistically better in the post-only group (P = 0.03). Apoptosis inhibitor The average surgical time was higher in A/P versus post-only group (11.6 vs. 6.9 hours, P < 0.0001) as was total estimated blood loss (1330 vs. 980 mL, P = 0.04). Hospital length of stay (LOS) was longer in A/P versus post-only group (11.9 vs. 8.3 days, P = 0.03). There were no significant differences between postoperative complications. Revision surgery was performed in 5 A/P and 2 post-only patients. Higher pseudarthrosis rates found in the A/P versus post-only (17 vs. 0%) were not significant (P = 0.11). SRS-30 and Oswestry scores reflected a similar patient assessment before surgery, and improvement between groups at follow-up.

Conclusion.