To our knowledge, this report is the first application of a user-testing methodology in the cancer control context. A
similar methodology could be used to assess comprehension of other cancer communication interventions including multimedia resources, online information and patient–physician communication. User-testing improved the communicative effectiveness of the supplementary gist-based information leaflet. It will now be evaluated as part of a large national randomised controlled trial designed to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in CRC screening CH5424802 mouse participation. We acknowledge the support of ContinYou (Helen Baker and Janet Solla) and Social Action for Health (Susie Chrome) in the recruitment of study participants. We also acknowledge the support of the ASCEND team and Y-27632 mouse the directors of the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening hubs for their support with
the management and implementation of the wider research project. This paper summarises independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (Grant Reference Number RP-PG-0609-10106). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Mr Smith is supported by a PhD studentship from the Medical Research Council. “
“Michael R. Pinsky Eliezer L. Bose, Marilyn Hravnak, and Michael R. Pinsky Hemodynamic instability as a clinical state represents either a perfusion failure with clinical manifestations of circulatory shock or heart failure or one or more out-of-threshold hemodynamic monitoring values, which may not necessarily be
pathologic. Different types of causes of circulatory shock require different types of treatment modalities, making these distinctions important. Diagnostic approaches or therapies based on data derived from hemodynamic monitoring assume that specific patterns of derangements reflect specific disease processes, which respond to appropriate interventions. Hemodynamic monitoring at the bedside ADP ribosylation factor improves patient outcomes when used to make treatment decisions at the right time for patients experiencing hemodynamic instability. Xavier Monnet and Jean-Louis Teboul Although use of the classic pulmonary artery catheter has declined, several techniques have emerged to estimate cardiac output. Arterial pressure waveform analysis computes cardiac output from the arterial pressure curve. The method of estimating cardiac output for these devices depends on whether they need to be calibrated by an independent measure of cardiac output. Some newer devices have been developed to estimate cardiac output from an arterial curve obtained noninvasively with photoplethysmography, allowing a noninvasive beat-by-beat estimation of cardiac output. This article describes the different devices that perform pressure waveform analysis. Jose Cardenas-Garcia and Paul H.