To gain insight into the impact of mitochondrial impairment on striatal dopamine release in vivo,

we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon fiber microelectrodes to measure dopamine release and uptake kinetics in anesthetized Lewis rats continuously treated for 5 days with 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP). Our Erastin solubility dmso results indicate that, even though striatal dopamine content was unchanged, remotely stimulated dopamine release evoked per electrical stimulus pulse ([DA](p)) is decreased in 3NP-treated rats (33% of that observed in sham control rats) and that this decrease is uniform throughout all stereotaxic depths tested. Nevertheless, unlike data collected previously from Compound C transgenic HD model rodents, the maximum rate of dopamine uptake (V(max)) in 3NP-treated rats is diminished (30% of controls) while K(m) is unchanged. Treatment with 3NP also resulted in a corresponding decrease in locomotor activity, presumably due in part to the impaired dopamine release. These results indicate that dopamine release is degraded

in this HD model, as is observed in transgenic HD model rodents; however, the results also imply that there are fundamental differences in dopamine uptake between 3NPtreated animals and transgenic animals. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has gained wide acceptance for the elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), leading to interest in similar treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate national outcomes after EVAR for RAAA and to assess the effect of institutional FAD volume metrics..

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients treated with open or EVAR for RAAA, 2001-2006. Procedure volume was determined for each institution categorizing hospitals as low-, medium-, and

high-volume. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes related to resource utilization. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine independent predictors of EVAR usage and mortality.

Results: From 2001 to 2006, an estimated 27,750 hospital discharges for RAAA occurred; 11.5% were treated with EVAR. EVAR utilization increased over time (5.9% in 2001 to 18.9% in 2006, P<.0001) while overall RAAA rates remained constant. EVAR had a lower overall in-hospital mortality than open repair (31.7% vs 40.7%, P<.0001), an effect which amplified when stratified by institutional volume. On multivariable regression, open repair independently predicted mortality (odds’ratio [OR] 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.89). EVAR usage for RAAA increased with age (>80 years) (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.30-1.93), high elective EVAR volume (>40/y) vs medium (19-40/y) (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.86-3.