The

area of repigmentation was significantly greater in p

The

area of repigmentation was significantly greater in patients with segmental vitiligo (n = 9) than in those with generalized vitiligo (n = 4). Repigmentation covered a broader area and occurred more quickly in patients under 15 years of age than in those over 20 years of age (n = 9). Disease duration did not affect the repigmentation rate. The results of the present study suggest that 1-mm minigrafts are effective for treating patients with vitiligo. Better results occurred in patients under 15 years of age, patients with facial grafts, and patients with segmental and limited subtypes.”
“Background: Cell-cell communication occurs via a variety of mechanisms, including long distances (hormonal), short distances (paracrine and synaptic) or direct coupling via YM155 gap junctions, antigen presentation, or ligand-receptor interactions. We evaluated the possibility of neuro-hormonal independent,

non-diffusible, physically disconnected pathways for cell-cell communication using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Methods: We assessed intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]) in primary culture DRG neurons that express ATP-sensitive P2X3, capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 receptors modulated by estradiol. Physically disconnected (dish-in-dish system; inner chamber enclosed) mouse DRG were cultured for 12 hours near: a) media alone (control 1), b) mouse DRG (control 2), c) human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells (cancer intervention), or d) mouse DRG treated with KCl (apoptosis intervention). Results: Chemosensitive receptors [Ca2+](i) signaling

did not differ between control 1 and 2. ATP (10 mu M) check details and capsaicin (100nM) increased [Ca2+](i) transients to 425.86 +/- 49.5 nM, and 399.21 +/- 44.5 nM, respectively. 17 beta-estradiol (100 nM) exposure reduced ATP (171.17 +/- 48.9 nM) and capsaicin (175.01+/-34.8 nM) [Ca2+](i) transients. The presence of cancer cells PXD101 reduced ATP- and capsaicin-induced [Ca2+](i) by >50% (p<0.05) and abolished the 17 beta-estradiol effect. By contrast, apoptotic DRG cells increased initial ATP-induced [Ca2+](i), flux four fold and abolished subsequent [Ca2+](i), responses to ATP stimulation (p<0.001). Capsaicin (100nM) induced [Ca2+](i) responses were totally abolished. Conclusion: The local presence of apoptotic DRG or human neuroblastoma cells induced differing abnormal ATP and capsaicin-mediated [Ca2+](i) fluxes in normal DRG. These findings support physically disconnected, non-diffusible cell-to-cell signaling. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanism(s) of and model(s) of communication.”
“Objective: Several studies have shown that patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared to an age-matched population. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are typically associated with increased BMD.

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