“
“Regarded as an incidental finding, biliary sludge is often diagnosed in dogs on abdominal ultrasound. The aims of the present study were to assess the risk factors, biochemical GDC-0941 manufacturer markers and ultrasonographic findings and to estimate the prevalence and influence of different breeds, sexes, and ages on biliary sludge in dogs. Results demonstrate that the prevalence of biliary sludge is high, especially in senior dogs. The biochemical markers did not have a significant correlation with biliary sludge, and the type of diet was not considered to be the major risk factor. Hepatomegaly was frequently observed on the ultrasound scan of affected animals

and of dogs on different systemic drugs and with cardiopathies, which have been referred to as risk groups for the development of inspissated bile. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“9,9-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)xanthene (BHPX), a bisphenol monomer, was synthesized in 82% yield from xanthenone in a one-pot, two-step synthetic procedure.

Four novel aromatic poly(ether ketone)s (PEKs) based on BHPX were prepared via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation with four difluorinated aromatic ketones. The polycondensation proceeded in tetramethylene sulfone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate GSK2879552 molecular weight and afforded the new cardo PEKs in nearly quantitative yields with inherent viscosities

of 0.77-0.85 dL/g. High molecular weight PEKs Curaxin 137 HCl having number-average molecular weights (M(n)’s) in the range of 38,900-40,600 g/mol with the polydispersity index ranged from 1.97 to 2.06 are all amorphous and show high glass transition temperatures ranging from 210 degrees C to 254 degrees C, excellent thermal stability, and the temperatures at the 5% weight loss are over 538 degrees C with char yields above 60% at 700 degrees C in nitrogen. These new PEKs are all soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N, N’-dimethylacetamide and could also be dissolved in chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. All the polymers formed transparent, strong, and flexible films with tensile strengths of 78-84 MPa, Young’s moduli of 2.54-3.10 GPa, and elongations at break of 14-18 %. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 570-576, 2009″
“P>In Arabidopsis, four homeotic gene classes, A, B, C and E, are required for the patterning of floral organs. However, very little is known about how the activity of these master genes is translated into regulatory processes leading to specific growth patterns and the formation of organs with specific shapes and sizes. Previously we showed that the transcript variant BPEp encodes a bHLH transcription factor that is involved in limiting petal size by controlling post-mitotic cell expansion.