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the PL analysis and interpretation of the energy transitions. DFR and AS acquired TEM data, carried out the analysed of results and drafted the manuscript. DG and DS designed the TEM studies, supervised the TEM analyses and participated Fossariinae in the draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and label-free tool for identifying molecular species because the signals of re-emitted Raman photons address for all molecular species and correspond to a particular set of vibration modes. However, the Raman signal is very weak because Raman scattering is an inelastic scattering process of photon, only one in every 107 photon incidence on a molecule undergoing Raman scattering, and it has a second-order dipole transition nature. Fortunately, it was discovered that the signals of Raman scattering could be amplified enormously by molecules contacting with a textured or patterned special noble metal surface, termed as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [1, 2]. Commonly, the origins of this enhancement [3–6] are believed to have contributions from both electromagnetic enhancement (EM) and chemical enhancement mechanisms.