The following

scientific support serves as the basis for formulation of proprietary blends and the inclusion of specific ingredients. Beta-alanine, a precursor to carnosine [6], has been used to improve performance of high-intensity exercise [7,8] by increasing the selleck chemicals llc muscle carnosine pool [9]. Carnosine serves as a muscle buffer during intense exercise and increasing carnosine stores through PRI-724 solubility dmso beta-alanine supplementation can enhance this buffering ability [6]. Research on beta-alanine has shown that supplementation improves the rate of fatigue in sprinters [10] and improves YoYo Intermittent Recovery performance (the ability to repeatedly perform and recover from exercise) for amateur athletes [7]. Additionally, beta-alanine supplementation has increased the number of repetitions to fatigue and overall work capacity [6]. Creatine, the most extensively researched ergogenic aid [11], has been shown to increase strength and improve body composition in most individuals when combined with exercise [12]. Creatine’s ergogenic abilities are derivative of its ability

to rapidly replenish ATP stores, allowing for quicker recovery and potential increased training volume selleck chemicals [13]. To properly load creatine stores in the muscle, it is recommended that an individual consume roughly 0.3g/kg/day for three days followed by a maintenance dose of 3-5g/day after the first three days [11]. Alternately, a lower dose of 2-3g/day may also be utilized to increase stores slowly [11]. Supplementation of creatine is also beneficial for improving lean body mass when combined with exercise [14]. According to the International Society of Sport Nutrition Position Stand on Creatine, creatine monohydrate is currently the most effective supplement for increasing anaerobic capacity MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit and lean body mass [11]. Research on branched chain amino acids (BCAA) has concluded that supplementation can result in increased protein synthesis and additional lean body mass in multiple

populations [6]. BCAA have also been shown to improve muscular strength as well as an increase thigh mass [15]. Muscle damage has been markedly reduced after exercise and BCAA supplementation [16]. Intake of BCAA, and leucine in particular, can create an anabolic environment [17] by reducing protein oxidation and promoting sarcomerogenesis in skeletal muscle [18]. The inclusion of BCAA before or after an exercise session will help the body maintain a positive nitrogen balance and support muscle growth. Another well researched ergogenic aid, caffeine, is often a key component to pre-workout supplements due to its stimulatory benefits, and subsequent improvements in time to fatigue [6]. Caffeine has also been shown to have a potential glycogen-sparring effect during exercise, likely improving endurance [19], and chronic beneficial changes in body composition [20-22].