The consumption of carbohydrates, amines, amino acids and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 ic50 phenolic compounds was significantly reduced in ratoon cane soil compared to that in plant cane soil (Table 3). We found that phenolic compounds were mainly expended in control soil; carbohydrates and amines in plant cane soil; while carboxylic acids and amino acids were expended in ratoon cane soil. Figure 1 Average well color development (AWCD) of substrate utilization patterns in BIOLOG ECO microplates. Table 3 Diversity and evenness indices, and mean optical density of grouped substrates (six groups) at 96 h incubation time in different treatments   Control soil Plant cane soil Ratoon cane soil P values Shannon’s

diversity index 4.190±0.03c 4.393±0.01a 4.273±0.02b 0.0003 Shannon’s evenness 0.85±0.01b 0.89±0.01a 0.85±0.01b 0.001 Mean OD 0.20±0.06c 0.90±0.09a CA4P nmr 0.42±0.06b 0.0001 Polymers 0.12±0.03b 0.37±0.07a 0.30±0.08a 0.008 Carbohydrates 0.18±0.02b 1.31±0.12a 0.28±0.03b 0.0001 Carboxylic acids 0.10±0.04b 0.70±0.15a 0.65±0.08a 0.0007 Amino acids 0.20±0.05c 0.81±0.11a 0.59±0.07b 0.0003 Amines 0.11±0.02b 1.16±0.08a 0.12±0.03b 0.0001 Phenolic compounds 0.84±0.05a 0.53±0.03b 0.39±0.02c 0.0001 Note: Data are means ± SD. Different letters in rows show significant differences determined by Tucky’s test (P ≤ 0.05).

Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that 96 h AWCD data successfully distinguished the response of the 3 soil communities to the carbon substrates (Figure 2). The first principal component (PC1) accounted for 49.8% of the total variation in the ECO microplate data, while PC2 accounted for 27.4% of the total variation 4SC-202 in vivo in the ECO microplate data. The eight carbon substrates with the most positive and most negative scores (i.e., contributing most strongly to the separation of samples) on PC1 and PC2 are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. α-Ketobutyric

BCKDHA acid and D-glucosaminic acid were discriminated most positively by PC1 scores, while L-asparagine and D-galacturonic acid were discriminated most positively by PC2 scores. However, i-erythritol and glucose-1-phosphate were discriminated most negatively by PC1 scores, while D-galactonic acid γ-lactone and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid were discriminated most negatively by PC2 scores. Figure 2 Principal component analysis of substrate utilization patterns from three different rhizospheric soil samples. Profile analysis of metaproteome in rhizospheric soils Approximately 759, 788, and 844 protein spots were detected on silver-stained gel of proteins extracted from the control soil, plant cane soil, and ratoon cane soil respectively (Additional file 2: Figure S1). Highly reproducible 2-DE maps were obtained from the three different soil samples with significant correlations among scatter plots. The correlation index between the control soils and the newly planted sugarcane soils was found to be 0.