The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors

of colorectal adenoma in persons aged 40–49 years and to compare the data with those aged 30–39 years and 50–59 years. Methods:  A cross-sectional study of 5254 asymptomatic subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy was conducted. Data were stratified by age into three groups: 608 aged 30–39 years, 1930 aged 40–49 years, and 2716 aged 50–59 years. Results:  Prevalence of overall adenomas was 10.4% in the 30–39 years age group, 22.2% in the 40–49 years age group, and 32.8% in the 50–59 years age group. Advanced adenoma was found in 0.7% of the 30–39 years age group, 2.7% of the 40–49 years age group, and 4.1% of the 50–59 years age group. In the 40–49 years age group, male sex and current smoking habits showed associations with INK 128 in vivo low-risk adenoma after multiple adjustments. Moreover, male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–3.23), current LDK378 concentration smoking (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.06–3.50), and family history of colorectal cancer (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.16–5.56) were independent predictors of advanced adenoma in this age group. Conclusions:  Prevalence of adenoma in subjects aged 40–49 years was higher than in previous studies. Male sex and current smoking habits along with a family history of colorectal cancer were

associated with advanced adenoma in this age group. “
“Host interleukin-28B (IL-28B) genetic variants determine a sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype

1 (HCV-1) treatment-naïve patients. Its impact on treatment-experienced Asian patients with peginterferon/ribavirin in is to be elucidated. IL-28B rs8099917 genotype was determined in 70 HCV-1 treatment-experienced patients retreated with 48-week peginterferon/ribavirin. The SVR rate was 60.0% and was significantly higher in previous relapsers than in nonresponders (72.7% and 13.3%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase that the most important factor predictive of an SVR was previous relapse (Odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.76/2.72–80.06, P = 0.002), followed by the carriage of rs8099917 TT genotype (OR/95% C.I.: 7.67/1.27–46.49, P = 0.03). Comparing to patients with TG/GG genotype, those with TT genotype had significantly higher rates of rapid virological response (29.3% vs 0%, P = 0.03), end-of-treatment virological response (86.2% vs 50.0%, P = 0.01), SVR (69.0% vs 16.7%, P = 0.002), and lower relapse rate (22.0 % vs 66.7%, P = 0.04). The SVR rate was similarly low between previous nonresponders with different rs8099917 genotypes (12.5% vs 14.3%, P = 1). On the contrary, previous relapsers with rs8099917 TT genotype had a significantly higher SVR rate than those who carried rs8099917 TG/GG genotype (78.0 % vs 20.0%, P = 0.02).