The aim of the present study was to determine the gastric localization of PPAR-gamma expression in the rat gastric mucosa, and to clarify the mechanism of its cytoprotective properties. The gastric expression of PPAR-gamma was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot, and localized on gastric epithelial cells. The protective effect of PPAR-gamma ligands, pioglitazone or 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury was reversed by
the co-administration with PPAR-gamma antagonist. The gastric expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha selleck compound and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 increased significantly in rats treated ischemia-reperfusion, and these increases were significantly inhibited by treatment with pioglitazone. Among the 1,032 probes, 18 probes were up-regulated at least 1.5-fold, 17 were down-regulated at least 1.5-fold by pioglitazone. The network including calnexin, endoplasmic reticulum stress
protein, heat shock proteins, and proteasome genes was induced by pioglitazone Selleckchem C188-9 treatment. In conclusion, activation of gastric epithelial PPAR-gamma receptor by its ligands may represent a novel therapeutic approach for gastric inflammation via up-regulation of heat shock proteins and endoplasmic reticulum-related proteins.”
“Headache is one of the commonest conditions to affect children and adolescents in industrialized countries. Effective pharmacological treatments without side effects are still lacking. Ginkgolide B, an herbal constituent extract from ginkgo biloba tree leaves, is a natural antiplatelet activating factor (PAF). PAF is a potent proinflammatory and PXD101 nociceptive agent released during the inflammation process. Therefore, Ginkgolide B can be considered a promising non-pharmacological tool for treatment of migraine with and without aura. We propose to determine the efficacy of Ginkgolide B
as preventive treatment in a group of young patients suffering from migraine without aura. A small sample of 24 young patients suffering from migraine without aura entered the open-label prospective trial. Migraine without aura was diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria. The treatment was well tolerated and the compliance was good. These preliminary data show that Ginkgolide B seems to be effective as preventive treatment in reducing migraine attack frequency and in attenuating the use of symptomatic medication in our small series of children with primary headache.”
“This study focus on the effect of the porogenic solvent on the morphology, recognition, and drug release of carbamazepine-molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres prepared by precipitation polymerization.