P values of statistically significant differences between antibody level in passage 1 compared to passage 4 for individual strains are shown on the graph. TSB, sham inoculated control mice. Percentage of fat in and/or fatty acid composition of diet influenced disease expression during infection with unpassaged C. jejuni 11168 (experiment 2, serial passage experiment; and experiment 5, diet comparison) The two diets fed to the mice in these studies differed principally in fat composition (an ~12% minimum for the breeder diet and an ~6% minimum for the NIH-31 formula maintenance diet) and linoleic acid content (0.62% for the ~12% fat diet and 2.55% for the ~6% fat diet), although a number of other

constituents were also different. Both diets contained wheat, corn, and soybean meal. The ~12% fat diet also contained porcine fat, whey, casein, lecithin, and Raf inhibitor soybean meal and hulls, whereas the ~6% fat diet contained oats, wheat middlings, fish meal, soybean oil, alfalfa meal, and Selleckchem Opaganib corn gluten meal. Results from a previous unrelated experiment did not show any significant differences in survival, gross pathology, or histopathology between groups of C. jejuni 11168 infected C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mice kept on the ~12% fat diet and mice

kept on the ~6% fat diet throughout the experiment (data not shown; [54]). However, since mice in that previous experiment were shifted from the ~12% fat diet to the ~6% fat diet at least two weeks prior to inoculation, the dietary conditions were not exactly

Florfenicol comparable to those experienced by mice undergoing the dietary transition just prior to inoculation. Therefore we compared mice infected with non-adapted C. jejuni 11168 on the ~12% fat diet and mice experiencing the transition from the ~12% fat diet to the ~6% fat diet in conjunction with the final phase of the serial passage experiment. In the diet comparison conducted in the final phase of experiment 2 (serial passage experiment), six of ten mice infected with non-adapted C. jejuni 11168 that experienced the transition from the ~12% fat diet to the ~6% fat diet required early euthanasia due to disease but no mice infected with non-adapted C. jejuni 11168 and kept on the ~12% fat diet throughout the experiment did so (Figure 8A). Kaplan Meier log rank survival analysis showed that the difference in survival was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). Post hoc comparisons were significant for comparisons of (1) infected mice on the two diets and (2) control mice experiencing the transition from the 12% fat diet to the 6% fat diet to infected mice experiencing the transition from the ~12% fat diet to the ~6% fat diet at the time of inoculation (Pcorrected = 0.014 for both comparisons). In addition, in the diet comparison conducted in the final phase of experiment 2 (serial passage experiment), there were significant differences in gross pathology (P = 0.002 for Kruskal Wallis ANOVA; Figure 8C).