J Infect Dis 2009,200(8):1207–1211.PubMedCrossRef 17. Glynn JR, Crampin AC, Traore H, Yates MD, Mwaungulu FD, Ngwira BM, Chaguluka SD, Mwafulirwa DT, Floyd S, selleck Murphy C, et al.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype, northern Malawi. Emerg Infect Dis 2005,11(1):150–153.PubMed 18. Koivula T, Ekman M, Leitner T, Lofdahl S, Ghebremicahel S, Mostowy S, Behr MA, Svenson SB, Kallenius G: Genetic characterization of the Guinea-Bissau family of Mycobacterium NVP-LDE225 research buy tuberculosis complex strains. Microbes Infect 2004,6(3):272–278.PubMedCrossRef 19. de Jong BC, Antonio M, Awine T, Ogungbemi K, de Jong YP, Gagneux
S, DeRiemer K, Zozio T, Rastogi N, Borgdorff M, et al.: Use of spoligotyping and large sequence polymorphisms to study the population structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a cohort study of consecutive smear-positive tuberculosis cases in The Gambia. J Clin Microbiol ubiquitin-Proteasome degradation 2009,47(4):994–1001.PubMedCrossRef 20. Asiimwe BB, Ghebremichael S, Kallenius G, Koivula T, Joloba ML: Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes and drug susceptibility pattern of isolates from tuberculosis patients in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:101.PubMedCrossRef 21. World Health Organization: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world: The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis
Dug Resistance Surveillance. In Report 2:Prevalence and trends. Geneva; 2000. (WHO/CDS/TB/2000.278) 22. Gagneux S, DeRiemer K, Van Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase T, Kato-Maeda M, de Jong BC, Narayanan S, Nicol M, Niemann S, Kremer K, Gutierrez MC, et al.: Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006,103(8):2869–2873.PubMedCrossRef 23. United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm] 24. ISO 3166–1 alpha-3-wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3] 25. Sreevatsan S, Pan X, Stockbauer
KE, Connell ND, Kreiswirth BN, Whittam TS, Musser JM: Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997,94(18):9869–9874.PubMedCrossRef 26. Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, Brodin P, Buchrieser C, Eiglmeier K, Garnier T, Gutierrez C, Hewinson G, Kremer K, et al.: A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002,99(6):3684–3689.PubMedCrossRef 27. Soini H, Pan X, Amin A, Graviss EA, Siddiqui A, Musser JM: Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Houston, Texas, by spoligotyping. J Clin Microbiol 2000,38(2):669–676.PubMed 28. Rastogi N, Sola C: Molecular evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. [http://www.tuberculosistextbook.com/index.htm] In Amedeo Online Textbooks Edited by: Palomino JC, Leao S, Ritacco V. 2007, 53–91.