In summary, we describe a case of proliferative glomerulonephritis GDC-0068 in vitro secondary to a monoclonal protein deposition. The present case differs from that reported by Nasr et al. in that the glomerulonephritis in the present patient was secondary to monoclonal IgA deposition. The present case suggests that monoclonal IgA deposits can also cause proliferative glomerulonephritis. Research support
was provided by the Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University and Toda-chuo General Hospital. “
“Aim: Major surgery under general anaesthesia might evoke acute kidney injury (AKI), sometimes culminating in end stage renal disease. We investigated the roles of hyperglycaemia, inflammation and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation in induction of AKI following anaesthesia by different anaesthetic drugs and/or regimens. Methods: Ninety-four Sprague-Dawley PI3K inhibitor rats underwent 1 h-anaesthesia by various
protocols, including repeated blood glucose and insulin measurements. Blood samples and kidneys were allocated at sacrifice, for evaluation of renal function, inflammatory status and Angiotensin-II availability. Results: Hyperglycaemia emerged in unconscious rats irrespective of anaesthetic drug choice or anaesthesia regimen. Insulin increase correlated with hyperglycaemia levels. Levels of Cystatin-C, as well as serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocain (NGAL), were significantly augmented. Serum transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukins (IL)-1β, -4, -6, and -10 were significantly increased. Intra-renal Angiotensin-II, TGF-β, IL-6 and-10 were significantly increased. IL-1 was decreased.
IL-4 remained unaltered. Conclusions: Acute hyperglycaemia, systemic and intra-renal inflammation and RAS activation were independently triggered by induction of anaesthesia. Each confounder aggravated the impacts of the others, bringing about concomitant deterioration of renal function. Increased insulin secretion attenuated Oxymatrine but did not abolish hyperglycaemia. Systemic inflammation was counterforced by anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas intra-renal inflammation persisted, so that AKI progressed unopposed. “
“Low serum bicarbonate is a strong mortality risk factor in people with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). It may also raise mortality risk in people with normal eGFR. This study investigated whether higher net endogenous acid production (NEAP), an estimate of net dietary acid intake and a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, associates with higher mortality in people with and without low eGFR. NEAP was calculated among adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey as -10.2 + 54.5 x (protein intake in grams per day/potassium intake in mEq per day). Cox models were performed in the (i) total population and (ii) low eGFR and (iii) normal eGFR subgroups using the lowest NEAP quartile as the reference.