In contrast, URB597 alone showed no motivational effects. Like URB597 plus anandamide, the synthetic CB1-receptor ligand WIN 55,212-2 (50-300 mu g/kg, intravenous) produced dose-related conditioned

place aversions. When anxiety-related effects of anandamide and URB597 were evaluated in a light/dark box, both a low anandamide dose (0.3 mg/kg) and URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) produced anxiolytic effects when given alone, but produced anxiogenic effects when combined. A higher dose of anandamide (3 mg/kg) produced anxiogenic effects and depressed locomotor activity when given alone and these effects were potentiated after URB597 treatment. Finally, anxiogenic effects of anandamide plus URB597 and development of place aversions with URB597 plus anandamide were prevented learn more AG-014699 cost by the CBI-receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg/kg intraperitoneal). Thus, additive interactions between the effects of anandamide on brain reward processes and on anxiety may account for its aversive effects when intravenously administered during FAAH inhibition with URB597. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is an evolving and increasingly common

endovascular treatment for carotid artery stenosis. Risk factors associated with an increased incidence of adverse periprocedural neurologic outcomes are being recognized. The goal of this study was to determine if certain angiographic lesion characteristics were predictive of higher risks of adverse outcomes.

Methods: A total of 421 patients who underwent 429 carotid artery stenting procedures between June 1996 and June 2005 for symptomatic

or asymptomatic carotid stenosis, and in whom preoperative carotid angiograms and Lormetazepam follow-up records were available for review, were selected from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data and procedural variables were recorded, including the presence or absence of the use of a cerebral protection device. Angiograms were reviewed for the following carotid lesion characteristics: length of lesion, percentage of stenosis, ostial involvement, lesion ulceration, calcification, and presence of contralateral carotid occlusion. Periprocedural stroke and 30-day adverse event rates (stroke, myocardial infarction, and death) were recorded for each patient.

Results: The periprocedural all-stroke rate was 3.7%. Octogenarians had a higher incidence of 30-day adverse events at 10.0% vs 3.8% (P = .029). The incidence of periprocedural stroke was increased in lesions >= 15 mm long, at 17.0% (8 of 47) vs 2.1% (8 of 382; P < .001), and in ostial centered lesions, 7.1% (11 of 154) vs 1.8% (5 of 275; P = .007). Multivariate regression also identified these two variables as independently associated with 30-day stroke rate: lesion length >= 15 nun (odds ratio [OR], 6.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35 to 17.