Group comparisons were made with the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Categorical variables are reported as counts and percentages. Group comparisons were made with the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier
nonparametric survivorship GSK3235025 research buy function, and group comparisons were made with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to detect the independent predictors of survival. In all survival analyses, the follow-up period ended either on the day of the last visit for nontransplant patients or on the day of transplantation for transplant patients. The multivariate model was built with the backward elimination technique with P < 0.10 for entering the model and P < 0.05 for staying in the model. The results are presented as crude hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in univariate analyses and as adjusted HRs with 95% CIs in multivariate analyses. Crude HRs indicate the relationship between mortality and a single predictor. Adjusted HRs indicate the relationship between mortality and a predictor and take into account the other
independent predictors. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Analyses were performed with the PASW statistical package (SPSS version 18.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL). A total of 151 patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, selleck compound biochemical
values, and treatment at inclusion are summarized in Table 1. One hundred four patients (68.9%) had diuretic-intractable ascites: renal dysfunction was found at entry in 46 patients (30.5%), and hyponatremia was found in 58 patients (38.4%). None of the patients had diuretic-intractable ascites due to abnormal serum potassium levels. Forty-seven patients (31.1%) had diuretic-resistant ascites. All patients were regularly treated with large-volume paracentesis and intravenous albumin. Seventy-seven patients (51%) were treated with nonselective C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR-7) beta-blockers (propranolol) for the prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Among these patients, 9 (11.7%) were given 40 mg of propranolol per day, 31 (40.3%) were given 80 mg, 1 (1.3%) was given 120 mg, and 36 (46.7%) were given 160 mg. The median follow-up time was 8 months (1-47 months). The median survival time was 10 months (95% CI = 8-12 months). The probability of survival was 41% at 1 year (95% CI = 33%-49%) and 28% at 2 years (95% CI = 20%-36%; Fig. 1). Ninety-seven patients (64.2%) died. Causes of death were sepsis in 50 patients (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in 11 cases) and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in 13. Twenty-five patients died at home of unspecified causes. Twenty-six patients underwent liver transplantation during the study period.