Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is really a serine threonine kinase with two isoforms that’s active in resting cells and Celecoxib price down regulated by phosphorylation. GSK 3 handles such important cellular functions as glycogen metabolism, gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and cell proliferation. Recent findings suggest that GSK 3B is a vital factor in inflammation and is involved with mood disorders, Alzheimers infection, diabetes, and cancer. Although there have been many studies on GSK 3B, the effects of GSK 3B inhibitors on atherosclerosis in vivo have not been carefully studied. In the present study,we investigated whether lithium chloride, a GSK 3B chemical, has anti atherosclerotic effects on atherosclerosis induced by a top fat diet in ApoE deficient rats. VCAM 1 expression,macrophage infiltration, and fat deposition in the aortic valve were improved by absorption of LiCl in ApoE deficient rats fed a high fat diet. Moreover, inhibition of GSK 3 by TDZD 8, SB216763, RNA polymerase and LiCl, aswell as adenoviral transductionwith a catalytically inactive GSK 3B, paid down palmitate caused VCAM 1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These studies give evidence that inhibition of GSK 3B may possibly reduce the development of atherosclerotic places and atherosclerosis via reduction of VCAM 1 expression. LiCl, SB216763, linoleate, oleate, SP600125, SB203580, Bay 11 7082, NAC, and Oil Red O were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. 4 Benzyl 2 methyl 1,2,4 thiadiazolidine 3,5 dione and chelerythrine were purchased from Merck Bioscience. Palmitate, linoleate, and oleate were used like a palmitate /bovine serum albumin complex and were prepared by mixing palmitate /NaOH soap and bovine serumalbumin. Adenoviruses for CI or constitutively active human GSK 3B term were prepared as previously described. Antibodies against phospho JNK, Fingolimod manufacturer phospho GSK 3B, I T, total JNK, totalGSK 3B, total p38, phospho p38, phospho PKC and actin were received from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies againstmonocyte/ macrophage 2 to markers, VCAM 1/CD106, and PKC/B were obtained BDBiosciences, respectively and fromSerotec Ltd. 2. 2. Animals Male ApoE mice were employed for this study. The animals were maintained in a 22 D place with a 12 h light/dark cycle. Ten-week old male rats were randomly divided in to four groups: normal chow diet, high fat diet, and high fat diet/LiCl treatment for 6 weeks or 14 weeks. Being a control, ApoE mice were given a Purina Laboratory Chow Diet. To accelerate atherosclerotic lesion development, we fed mice aWestern diet for that experimental period. LiCl was combined into the drinking water at 25 mg/l because our mouse used about 12-15 ml of water each day.