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“Gene therapy in the craniofacial region provides a unique tool for delivery of DNA to

coordinate protein production in both time and space. The drive to bring this technology to the clinic is derived from the fact that more than 85% of the global population may at one time require repair or replacement of a craniofacial selleck structure. This need ranges from mild tooth decay and tooth loss to temporomandibular joint disorders and large-scale reconstructive surgery. Our ability to insert foreign DNA into a host cell has been developing since the early uses of gene therapy to alter bacterial properties for waste cleanup in the 1980s followed by successful human clinical trials in the 1990s to treat severe combined immunodeficiency. In the past 20 years, the emerging field of craniofacial tissue engineering has adopted these techniques to enhance regeneration of mineralized tissues, salivary gland, SCH 900776 in vitro and periodontium and to reduce tumor burden of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Studies are currently pursuing

research on both biomaterial-mediated gene delivery and more clinically efficacious, although potentially more hazardous, viral methods. Although hundreds of gene therapy clinical trials have taken place in the past 20 years, we must still work to ensure an ideal safety profile for each gene and delivery method combination. With adequate genotoxicity testing, we can expect gene therapy to augment protein delivery strategies and potentially allow for tissue-specific targeting, delivery of multiple signals, and increased spatial and temporal control with the goal of natural tissue replacement in the craniofacial complex.”
“Study

Objectives: To identify the factors that predict blood pressure (BP) changes during induction of general anesthesia, and the relationship between the level of arteriosclerosis and BP changes during anesthesia induction. Design: Prospective, case-control observational study. Settings: Operating room of a university hospital. Patients: Seventy-two patients who received general anesthesia for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Measurements: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and central BP were GSK621 cell line measured. The primary variable was the parameters affecting BP changes during the induction of general anesthesia. For additional analyses, the parameters were compared between high and low PWV groups (1606 cm/s was the cutoff value of baPWV). To measure the relationships between the parameters and BP changes, bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Seventy-two patients (including 41 men) with a mean age of 61.7 years and a median baPWV value of 1606 cm/s were evaluated. Significantly higher values for age, central BP, preoperative systolic BP (SBP), amount of decrease in SBP and diastolic BP, and number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension were observed in the high PWV group.