Furthermore, as P2Y1R can control neuronal and glial functions, we explored if P2Y1R antagonist-mediated Torin 1 order protection would mainly involve neuronal and/or glial processes. Adult male mice subject to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) displayed an infarcted cortical

area (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), decreased neurological score with decreased working and reference memory performance (Y-maze, object recognition and aversive memory), accompanied by neuronal damage (FluoroJade C), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and microgliosis (CD11b). All of these changes were attenuated by intracerebroventricular pre-treatment (10 min before pMCAO) with the generic P2R antagonist 4-[(E)-4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(phosphono-oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yldiazenyl]benzene-1,3-disulfonic selleck chemicals llc acid (PPADS, 0.5–1.0 nmol/μL). In contrast, the selective P2Y1R antagonist (1R*,2S*)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-(phosphono-oxy)bicycle[3.1.0] hexane-1-methanol

dihydrogen phosphate ester (MRS2500, 1.0–2.0 nmol/μL) afforded equivalent behavioral benefits but only prevented neuronal damage but not astrogliosis or microgliosis upon pMCAO. These results indicated that P2Y1R-associated neuroprotection mainly occurred through neuronal mechanisms, whereas other P2R were also involved in the control of astrocytic Florfenicol reactivity upon brain injury. “
“A t(1;11) balanced chromosomal translocation transects the Disc1 gene in a large Scottish family and produces genome-wide linkage to schizophrenia and recurrent major

depressive disorder. This study describes our in vitro investigations into neurophysiological function in hippocampal area CA1 of a transgenic mouse (DISC1tr) that expresses a truncated version of DISC1 designed to reproduce aspects of the genetic situation in the Scottish t(1;11) pedigree. We employed both patch-clamp and extracellular recording methods in vitro to compare intrinsic properties and synaptic function and plasticity between DISC1tr animals and wild-type littermates. Patch-clamp analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons (CA1-PNs) revealed no genotype dependence in multiple subthreshold parameters, including resting potential, input resistance, hyperpolarization-activated ‘sag’ and resonance properties. Suprathreshold stimuli revealed no alteration to action potential (AP) waveform, although the initial rate of AP production was higher in DISC1tr mice. No difference was observed in afterhyperpolarizing potentials following trains of 5–25 APs at 50 Hz.