For the TIM-2 experiments samples from time points 0, 7 and 14 were analyzed. Figure 7 shows the results of the I-chip

analysis. Displayed is the fold-increase in signal between the start and the end of the fermentation period compared to GDC 0068 the control. For day 14 of the experiment with Clindamycin followed by probiotics the results at day 14 were compared with the same experiment at day 7, after Clindamycin only. Figure 7 Graphic representation of the I-chip results showing those probes that i) give a signal above the background, and ii) differed by a factor of > 2 from the control for the first two columns. For the third column the effect of the addition of probiotics after treatment with Clindamycin was compared

to the result after treatment with Clindamycin alone (middle column). Green signifies a factor of 2 or higher compared to the control (or antibiotic experiment at day 7) and red stands for a factor of 2 or more lower compared to the control (or antibiotic at day 7). Different shades of green reflect more than 2, more than 3 and more than 4 times increases of microbial species, genera or groups compared to the control, while the different shades of red reflect the more than 2, 3 and 4 times decrease of microbial species, genera or learn more groups compared to the control. Comparing the experiments receiving Clindamycin to the control experiment, the experiments with administration of Clindamycin showed a decrease in Bifidobacerium animalis Bifidobacterium longum, Crenarchaeota, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. and an increase in Bifidobacterium bifidum Eubacterium eligens, Bacteroidetes, Bactetroidales, KPT-330 solubility dmso Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus bromii and Fusobacterium prausnitzii. When Clindamycin and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase probiotics were administered together the following species increased

compared to the control: Bifidobacterium animalis, Enterobacter cloaca/Serratia marcesens/Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus species, Haloanaerobiale, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus casei and paracasei, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus sakei, Microbacteriaceae, Nitrospirae, Parabasilidea peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticum, Streptococcus groups and Streptococcus salivarius. Bifidobacterium longum (which was in the probiotic mixture) decreased less strong than when Clindamycin was administered alone. When Clindamycin was administered for 7 days and the probiotics were administered the week thereafter the bacteria that increased compared to the situation after antibiotic treatment alone were Bifidobacterium adolescentis/Bifidobacterium angulatum, Bifidobactrium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus hirae, Eubacterium siraeum, Eubacterium xylanophilum, Euryachaeota, Moraxellaceae and Peptostreptococcus micros.