citrina. Species of this section have primitive, sparsely branched, acremonium- to verticillium-like conidiophores and hyaline conidia highly variable in shape. Selleck Nutlin3a Respective anamorphs are only rarely encountered in nature, which may be the reason why workers in this group did not establish combinations in Trichoderma. Epithets in Trichoderma for this section are here only established for newly described species, combinations for earlier described species are left to future

researchers. Stromata are usually large, widely effused or subpulvinate. Species of the section were reviewed by Overton et al. (2006a, b), who clarified the nomenclature of H. citrina and determined the phylogenetic positions of the species. Unfortunately several species, particularly some described by Doi (1972) from Japan, could not be subjected to sequencing yet. Acremonium- or verticillium-like conidiophores are plesiomorphic; they occur also in other clades than the phylogenetically conceived MAPK inhibitor section Hypocreanum, and even outside generic limits. In terms of teleomorph morphology, several species of other clades form similar stromata, viz. Hypocrea luteffusa of the pachybasium core group and the species of the Brevicompactum clade. These species differ from those described here by green-conidial anamorphs and smaller stromata with minute cortical cells. This chapter describes species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma section Hypocreanum including some

species of Hypocrea outside this section, with similar conidiophores and at the same time effused stromata reduced to subicula located ‘basal’ in the phylogenetic tree of the genus (Fig. 1). Species descriptions The following ten species including two new ones are described below: H. alcalifuscescens, H. austriaca, H. citrina, H. decipiens, H. delicatula, H. parmastoi, H. phellinicola, H. protopulvinata,

H. pulvinata, and H. sulphurea. Hypocrea austriaca is based on H. fungicola f. raduli. Hypocrea alcalifuscescens Overton, Stud. Mycol. 56: 62 (2006) Fig. 53 Fig. 53 Teleomorph of Hypocrea alcalifuscescens (holotype BPI 843638). a–c. Dry stroma (b. part of KOH-treated spot; c. stroma surface with ostiolar dots). d, e. Subiculum hyphae (d. close to the surface, e. submoniliform hyphae). f, g. Asci (g. in cotton blue/lactic acid). Scale bars a = 1.5 mm. b = 0.4 Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease mm. c = 150 μm. d–g = 10 μm The holomorph of this species was described by Overton et al. (2006b). The following short description of the teleomorph is based on a re-examination of the holotype. Stromata when dry 3–15 × 2.4–6.7 mm, 0.1–0.4 mm thick; effused, thin, entirely attached; surface finely downy, with circular, slightly papillate, black ostiolar dots (30–)37–60(–71) μm (n = 30) diam; olivaceous-brown to yellow-brown, 3–5F4–6 to 5F7–8; similar when young and immature, but lacking ostiolar dots. A KOH-treated spot became hard, dark grey with silver shine and papillate surface (ostioles). Perithecia immersed in a single layer, peridium yellow in KOH.