Based on the LGD theory and the experimental data of KNbO3 single crystal, an eighth-order polynomial of free energy function is proposed. The fitted coefficients are validated by comparing to a set of experimental measured values including phase transition temperatures, spontaneous polarization, dielectric constants, and lattice CX-6258 concentration constants. The effects of hydrostatic pressure and external electric field on phase transition temperatures and piezoelectric coefficients are investigated. The free energy function

may be used to predict ferroelectric domain structures and properties of KNbO3 bulk and films by phase-field approach. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3260242]“
“Case Description-A 43-kg (95-lb) 4-year-old neutered Male mixed-breed dog was evaluated find more because of a 2-day history of dysuria.

Clinical Findings-Radiography and ultrasonography revealed hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and radiolucent, hyperechoic uroliths in the right kidney and ureter and the urinary bladder. Serum bile acids concentration was within the reference interval.

Treatment and Outcome-The uroliths in the bladder

and right ureter were surgically removed and submitted for analysis. They were initially identified as urate uroliths; however, results of further analysis indicated uroliths were composed of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA),

and 2,8-DHA was identified in a urine sample of the dog. Allopurinol was prescribed for the dog, and a purine-restricted diet was recommended.

Clinical Relevance-2,8-DHA uroliths are extremely rare in humans and dogs. Such uroliths may be underdiagnosed in humans because of variability of clinical signs and difficulty in differentiating 2,8-DHA and urate uroliths and crystalluria. Uroliths composed of 2,8-DHA may be misdiagnosed as urate uroliths in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:1348-1352)”
“The magnetism-induced ferroelectricity in the E-type orthorhombic HoMnO3 (o-HMO) films grown on Nb-doped and undoped SrTiO3(001) substrates was studied. The temperature GSK1210151A order dependent magnetization in these films evidently exhibits an antiferromagnetic ordering around 44 K and an anomalous second magnetic ordering along the c-axis near 35 K. Interestingly, at this anomalous transition temperature, an associated ferroelectric polarization was probed by the P-E hysteresis measurements, indicating the intimated coupling between the ferroelectric response and the reordering of Mn spins, which has never been disclosed previously by dielectric constant measurements. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.