astic and 27 36 adenomas developed into colon cancer. The A20 levels were much higher in the cancerous group than that in non cancerous group both before and after scientific assay the diagnosis of cancer. The data imply that the levels of A20 in colon polyps were involved in the pathogenesis of colon polyps. A20 binds p53 protein in colon cancer The data we presented so far imply that A20 may play a role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. The mechan ism is to be further elucidated. The p53 protein is an im portant molecule in the prevention of tumorigenesis. Based on the above results, we wondered if A20 inhibited the p53 protein in colon cancer cells. By immune precipi tation assay, we identified a complex of A20 and p53 in cancer cells as well as polyp epithelial cells with high levels of A20, but not in the polyp epithelium with low A20 levels.

A20 suppresses p53 protein The finding of the complex of A20 and p53 in colon cancer tissue implies that A20 may suppress p53 protein in the cells. To test the hypothesis, we over expressed A20 in HEK293 cells, the expression of A20 significantly suppressed the levels of p53 in the cells. To further confirm the results, we added re combinant A20 to the HEK293 cell culture. The cells were collected 48 h later. As shown by Western blotting, A20 inhibited the expression in a dose dependent man ner, which was not reversed by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Discussion The present study reports that high levels of A20 and low levels of p53 were detected in colon cancer tissue and colon polyps. The levels of A20 were significantly correlated with the cancerous tendency of colon polyps.

By immune precipitation assay, we noted that A20 bound to p53 to form a complex. Over expression of A20 significantly suppressed the expression of p53 in the cells. It is well documented that Brefeldin_A colon polyps have high tendency of tumorigenesis. After removing by surgery, adenomas and hyperplastic colon polyps relapse often, some of them eventually develop into colon cancer. Our data are in line with the previous studies by showing that more than 70% adenomas type of colon polyps developed into colon cancer. The hyperplastic colon polyps also have a high cancerous tendency as observed in the present study. Among the recruited patients, more than 50% colon polyps are inflamma tory phenotype, these colon polyps contain less A20 as compared to other two phenotypes, also the cancerous rate is much less.

Based on published Z-VAD-FMK FDA data, A20 plays a role in the im mune regulation. The well documented role of A20 in the immune regulation is that A20 inhibits NF ��B acti vation. NF ��B functions as an oncogene and the link between inflammation and cancer. Other re ports indicate that A20 plays an important role in the in duction of immune tolerance. It seems that A20 has multiple functions depending on the cell types and the micro environment. Recent reports indicate that intes tinal epithelial cells express A20, and A20 plays a crit ical role in epithelial cells