Among the 1,050 patients enrolled, 186 patients (18%) either died or underwent liver transplantation. The rates of death or transplantation were minimally higher in the treated than control patients and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.45), with 7-year cumulative rates of C59 wnt nmr 25% and 24%, respectively. When separated by fibrosis

stratum, however, the differences were statistically significant (Supporting Fig. 1). In the fibrosis stratum the rates of death or transplantation were significantly higher in treated compared to control patients (P = 0.02), with 7-year cumulative rates of 19% and 12%, respectively, whereas in the cirrhosis stratum rates of death or transplantation were similar in the two groups (P = 0.46), with 7-year cumulative rates of 34% and 39%, respectively. When causes of death were categorized by liver-relatedness, the excess mortality in the treatment group fibrosis stratum was primarily from nonliver causes. Thus, rates of

liver-related deaths were similar in the treatment and the control groups (P = 0.42), with 7-year cumulative liver-related death rates Kinase Inhibitor Library in vitro of 12% and 11%, respectively. The rates of liver-related deaths in treatment and control groups were similar in both the fibrosis stratum (P = 0.21) and the cirrhosis stratum (P = 0.85), although the 7-year death rates did begin to show some separation in the fibrosis stratum (8% versus 5%) but not in the cirrhosis stratum (19% versus 20%, Fig. 4B). On the other hand,

nonliver-related deaths were significantly more frequent among patients in the treatment group compared to the control group (P = 0.03), with 7-year cumulative mortality rates of 8% and 4%, respectively. These differences were more marked in the fibrosis stratum (P = 0.03) than in the cirrhosis stratum (P = 0.36, Fig. 4C). The cumulative 7-year mortality rates were 6% and 2% in the treatment and control groups, respectively, in the fibrosis stratum and 12% and 8%, respectively, in the cirrhosis stratum. Examination of the specific causes of nonliver-related deaths failed to identify an excess frequency of any single selleck inhibitor diagnosis or category of diseases as a cause of death. The nonliver-related deaths reflected a spectrum of expected conditions, including non-HCC cancer as well as cardiac and cerebrovascular disease (Table 2). The distribution of these categories of illness appeared to be similar between those in the fibrosis and cirrhosis strata and in treated versus untreated patients. Cases of death resulting from malignant neoplasms other than HCC were assessed further in an attempt to identify a pattern (Table 3). The distribution of cancers appeared to mirror their relative frequencies in the general population—among the 11 patients whose deaths were attributed to cancer, four died of lung and two of colon cancer.