“
“A new polymer based
on thieno[3,4-f]isoindole-5,7-dione (TID) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b] dithiophene was designed and synthesized. The copolymer was characterized by elemental analysis, HM781-36B gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra as well as electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. Compared to PBDTTPD, introducing the quinoid unit could elevate the HOMO energy level and lower the LUMO energy level of the polymer, and consequently, the band gap can be reduced very effectively. The electronic structures of the two polymers were also studied by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G level. When a polymer solar cell (PSC) device was fabricated with an active layer of a blend of PBDTTID and PC61BM using 3% (v/v) diiodooctane (DIO) as a solvent additive, a high V-oc of 0.80 V was obtained, with a PCE of 3.12% under AM 1.5G conditions. The PBDTTID-based PSC device shows a slightly lower V-oc but better J(sc) and FF than the PBDTTPD-based PSC device, and the preliminary results indicate that TID will be a desirable building block for designing photovoltaic polymers with low-lying HOMO energy levels, as well as low band gaps.”
“Background: Geographic
information systems (GIS) mapping is fairly novel in describing utilization of health services. Our study is the first to use GIS to demonstrate that telehealth pediatric specialty service access would create substantial savings in travel time and distance compared with accessing a tertiary-care center for similar selleck chemical Combretastatin A4 service. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of telehealth encounters and geocoding of patients’ address were done with actual travel along road calculations to estimate travel time and
distance for a visit, compared with a hypothetical visit to the nearest tertiary-care site for the similar service. Results: Over a 2-year period, 255 telehealth visits by 171 patients with a variety of developmental and behavioral diagnoses were made to five telehealth sites. The median travel time and distance saved by accessing a telehealth site were 66.9 min and 63.8 miles, respectively. Of these patients, 12.3% had a median negative estimated savings of 52.7 min and 39.0 miles, which was associated with longer travel burden. Using the straight-line method underestimated the total time and distance traveled by approximately one-quarter of the actual distance (median distance of 20.5 miles underestimate relative to the median distance of 100.7 miles). Conclusions: Telehealth patients experienced significant reduction in travel times and distances. Patients/families would accept an increased burden of spatial accessibility in exchange for reduced burdens in other aspects of access, such as accommodation or acceptability when engaging telehealth services.