9 Conversely, some male athletes strive to reduce body fat while increasing muscle mass—producing the muscular, lean figure society deems most attractive.10 This desire for a lean, muscular figure can predispose male athletes to eating disorder behaviors such as binge eating, excessive

Bortezomib in vitro exercise, and laxative use to build muscle but reduce body fat which may or may not be advantageous to the athlete’s sport.10 and 11 Not only are male and female athletes trying to conform to society’s “ideal” body type, these individuals are also striving to achieve the body type which enhances sport performance.10 and 12 Male and female athletes are predisposed to engage in eating disorder behaviors because of the sport context.13 There can be sport-specific weight restrictions14 and 15 and negative comments by coaches and teammates16 and 17 that make athletes susceptible to the development of ED. Furthermore, research suggests that ED may be reinforced as coaches, teammates, and spectators comment upon changes in body type and performance that more closely align with how an athlete in said sport should appear or perform, respectively.8 Age and competitive Apoptosis Compound Library high throughput level can also play a role in the onset of ED. Woodside and Garfinkel18 report individuals between the age of 18

and 26 years are more susceptible to ED (see FMO2 also, Wright et al.19). This increased susceptibility to engagement in eating disorder behaviors can arise due to the stress associated with a lack of structure and boundaries, moving away from home, and becoming more independent when young adults attend a college or university.19 The preceding age range also corresponds to a time when athletes are often at higher levels of sport competition (e.g., collegiate, national, or international competitions). Athletes at higher levels of competition

are exposed to even greater sport pressures (e.g., weight restrictions imposed by sport or coach, the need to conform to the “ideal” body type for a specific sport, belief weight reduction will enhance performance), which further predisposes them to the development of ED.20 and 21 Given that athletes are under significant societal and sport pressures (e.g., sport-specific weight restrictions, pressure from coaches/teammates, conforming to both the male/female body ideal of society and sport), it is important for sports psychologists to have the tools necessary to assess ED in this population. ED can be assessed via various psychometric measures. Through the use of these measures, psychologists can assess the severity of eating disorder behaviors an athlete might engage in such as caloric restriction, binging/purging, and excessive exercise.