1997)
Study: Retrospective chart review of ECT-treated Medicare enrollees. N= 15,560 (1992) [N= 12,000 (1987)] Date: 1987–1989 and 1990–1992 Time span: Two, one-year time periods Diagnoses (1992): 80% affective disorder 9% schizophrenia Gender (1992): 66% women Ethnicity (1992): >90% Caucasian Treatment setting (1992): 75% inpatients 11% outpatients 14% both Other: Mean no. of ECT treatment length of stay days: 57.1 Comments: Increase in rate of ECT use 1987–1992. Increasing use among women, Caucasian, and disabled. Substantial Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical GDC941 geographic treatment variation from West to Northeast in United States, an increase in outpatient ECT use TPR (TPR in Medicare population): 5.1 (1992) [4.2 (1987)] TPR (1992) by gender: 5.7 women 3.6 men TPR (1992) by age, year groups: 16.2, <45 6.4, 45–65 4.2, >65 TPR (1992) for disabled <65 years: 9.2 TPR (1992) by
region: 6.1, Northeast 4.1, South 5.4, North Central 3.8, West TPR (1992) by location: 3.2, rural 4.8, small Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical urban 6.0, large urban AvE: 8 AvE (in both inpatient and outpatient setting): 13 No information North Carolina, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical USA (R) Creed P (Creed et al. 1995) Study: Postal and telephone survey to all 169 hospitals in region, with 54 having psychiatric units. Structured questionnaire to those providing ECT N= 24 (14%, out of 169 hospitals and 44% out of 54 psychiatric units) Date: September 1992 to August 1993 Time
span: One years Patient demographic data: No information Training: 55% provided on-the-job training for ECT nursing staff Other: No. of physicians at each facility administering Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical ECT, Range 1–6 Resident physicians administering ECT in 25% of facilities Estimated rate data: No. of combined inpatient and outpatient ECT treatments per year: Range <100 to >1,300 Devices: Unclear, report of only use of recommended ECT machines Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Monitoring: 75% use combination of EEG and cuffed distal limb Louisiana, USA (Medicare) (C) Westphal JR (Westphal et al. 1997) Study: Astemizole Retrospective chart review of elderly (≥65 years) ECT treated in Louisiana Medicare population. N= 218 ECT administrations in ≥65 years Medicare population Date: 1993 and 1994 Time span: Two years Age, age groups ≥65 years: 54%, 65–74 37%, 75–84 8%, ≥85 Gender: 79% women Ethnicity: 89% Caucasian 7% Black 4% Other Comment: Within Louisiana variability in rates between urban parishes, TPR 2.8 versus rural TPR 1.9 was nonsignificant—but significant nonrandom variation found when comparing treatment for major depression and inpatient ECT TPR (Medicare population ≥65 years): 2.38 [TPR rural parishes: 1.9 TPR urban parishes: 2.8] No information North Carolina, USA (H) McCall WV (McCall et al.